Solve real coding problems
Action filters allow you to look at requests right before they are routed to an action method (and responses right after they are returned from the action method). The simplest way to add your own action filter in ASP.NET Core is to subclass ActionFilterAttribute and then override the appropriate methods depending on if you want … Read more
To get all classes with a custom attribute, first get all types in the assembly, then use IsDefined(customAttributeType) to filter the types: This is looking for classes in the current assembly that have the [ApiController] attribute, such as this controller class: This is useful in several scenarios, such as when you want to log information … Read more
Here’s the simplest way to efficiently trim a UTF-8 string to the specified number of bytes: A UTF-8 string can have a mix of characters between 1 to 4 bytes. When you only take part of the byte array, you may end up cutting multi-byte chars in half, which then get replaced with the replacement … Read more
When an anonymous type is defined in one assembly, it won’t match an anonymous type defined in another assembly. This causes problems when you’re unit testing and trying to mock a method that has an anonymous type parameter. For example, let’s say you’re trying to unit test the following method: To unit test this, you … Read more
The simplest way to add or overwrite a value in a ConcurrentDictionary is to use the indexer: If the key doesn’t exist, this adds it. If the key exists, this overwrites it. The indexer is thread-safe. The indexer is the simplest way to unconditionally add / overwrite a value. Sometimes you’ll want to use other … Read more
To get posted form data in an API Controller (using the [ApiController] attribute) in ASP.NET Core, use parameters with the [FromForm] attribute. Now send a request with form data to this endpoint to see it work. The request would look like this: The form data is a string of key-value pairs (ex: location=United+States). The framework … Read more
The simplest way to convert a list to a dictionary is to use the Linq ToDictionary() method: This loops through the list and uses the key/element selector lambdas you passed in to build the dictionary. In this article, I’ll go into details about how to use ToDictionary() and show how to deal with duplicate keys. … Read more
If your code does File IO, such as reading text from a file, then it’s dependent on the file system. This is an external dependency. In order to make the unit tests fast and reliable, you can mock out the external dependencies. To mock out the file system dependency, you can wrap the File IO … Read more
The simplest way to get query results as JSON is to use FOR JSON PATH in the query (note: this was added in SQL Server 2016): It returns the results as a single JSON string with one JSON object per row: Note: SQL Server returns the JSON without indenting. All examples in this article show … Read more
When you rename a file by changing its casing on Windows (ex: movie.cs -> Movie.cs), git will ignore the change. To change the casing, use the git mv command: This will rename the movie.cs file to Movie.cs on the file system and in the git repository, resulting in a rename change, which you can then … Read more
There are three ways to select distinct objects based on a property using Linq methods: These select one movie per year: The simplest option is using GroupBy() because it doesn’t require any additional code. Distinct() is faster but it’s more complicated. DistinctBy() is the fastest and simplest, but requires the most code (it requires .NET … Read more
You can get a list of a type’s properties using reflection, like this: Note: If you have an object, use movie.GetType().GetProperties() instead. This outputs the following: When you use GetProperties(), it returns a list of PropertyInfo objects. This gives you access the property’s definition (name, type, etc…) and allows you to get and modify its … Read more
There are two ways add request headers when using HttpClient: In this article, I’ll show examples of both ways to add request headers. Add an unchanging header for all requests Let’s say you’re adding an API Key header. It needs to be included in all requests and the value won’t change. To add this request … Read more
The following graph compares the execution time of three sort implementations ran against varying input sizes (1k, 10k, 100k): This graph was generated using Benchmark.NET, which I’ll show how to use in this article. I’ll be comparing the performance of multithreaded quicksort implementations (with the non-threaded Array.Sort() as a baseline). Create console app and reference … Read more
Problem When you’re trying to use the Create Unit Tests command (from the context menu) in Visual Studio, you get the following error message: Create Unit Tests is supported only on a non-test project and within a public class or a public method The Create Unit Tests command can only be used on a public … Read more
When you need to verify that the code under test called a method with the expected parameters, you can mock the method with Moq and use Verify() + It.Is<T>() to check the parameters passed in. Verify() asserts that the method call happened as expected with the specified parameters. Here’s an example. This is verifying that … Read more
When you’re using Moq to set up a mocked method, you can use Callback() to capture the parameters passed into the mocked method: There are two main use cases for capturing parameters in a test: In this article, I’ll show examples of using Callback() in those two scenarios, and then I’ll explain some problems to … Read more
Problem Optional parameters aren’t optional when you’re using Moq. When you’re setting up or verifying a method call on a mock object, and the method has an optional parameter that you didn’t specify a value for, you’ll get the following compiler error: Error CS0854 – An expression tree may not contain a call or invocation … Read more
In this article, I’ll explain how to solve the Mark and Toys algorithm problem on HackerRank. Problem statement: Given a fixed budget and a list of item prices. What is the max number of items you can purchase? You can only buy each item once. Note: This is the Mark and Toys problem from HackerRank. … Read more
Use the XElement class (from the Linq-to-Xml API) to search for XML elements by name. There are two main methods you can use to do this: These return the matching elements as an IEnumerable<XElement>. You can then use Linq methods (or a foreach loop) to do whatever you want with these elements (such as outputting … Read more
In an electrical system, a circuit breaker detects electrical problems and opens the circuit, which blocks electricity from flowing. To get electricity flowing again, you have to close the circuit. The same approach can be implemented in software when you’re sending requests to an external service. This is especially important when you’re sending lots of … Read more
You have to overwrite the appsettings.json file to be able to update values programmatically. You have to deal with the whole file, not individual parts of it. The process can be summarized in the following steps: There are two options for deserialization. You can either 1) Deserialize appsettings.json into a dynamic object or 2) Load … Read more
There are two global exception events available in all .NET applications: You wire up these event handlers in Main() (before anything else has executed), like this: Note: If you’re using top-level statements, put these statements at the top of the ‘entry point’ file. This outputs the following before crashing: Notice the FirstChanceException event fired first. … Read more
You can use Microsoft Extensibility Framework (MEF) to load assemblies at runtime. This is an alternative to implementing dynamic assembly loading with a more manual approach (like using AssemblyLoadContext). Here’s an example of using MEF to load an instance of IMessageProcessorPlugin from some assembly located in the C:\Plugins directory: MEF looks for exported types in … Read more
There are many different scenarios where you might want to check a string against a list of substrings. Perhaps you’re dealing with messy exception handling and have to compare the exception message against a list of known error messages to determine if the error is transient or not. When you need to check a string … Read more