C# – Deserialize JSON to dynamic object

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If you want to deserialize JSON without having to create a bunch of classes, use Newtonsoft.Json like this:

dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(json, new ExpandoObjectConverter());

Code language: C# (cs)

Now you can use this object like any other object.

Example

Add the Newtonsoft.Json reference

Newtonsoft.JSON nuget package

Code

string json = "{\"endpoints\":[{\"name\":\"prod\",  \"enabled\":true },{\"name\":\"dev\", \"enabled\":true},{\"name\":\"qa\", \"enabled\":false}]}"; //see JSON section below for pretty printed JSON

dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(json, new ExpandoObjectConverter());

Console.WriteLine($"Deserialized JSON into {config.GetType()}");

foreach (var enabledEndpoint in ((IEnumerable<dynamic>)config.endpoints).Where(t => t.enabled))
{
	Console.WriteLine($"{enabledEndpoint.name} is enabled");
}

Code language: C# (cs)

Output:

Deserialized JSON into System.Dynamic.ExpandoObject
prod is enabled
dev is enabled
Code language: plaintext (plaintext)

JSON

{
  "endpoints": [
    {
      "name": "prod",
      "enabled": true
    },
    {
      "name": "dev",
      "enabled": true
    },
    {
      "name": "qa",
      "enabled": false
    }
  ]
}

Code language: JSON / JSON with Comments (json)

Dynamic vs ExpandoObject

If you specify <dynamic> instead of <ExpandoObject> it’ll create a JObject.

In older versions of Newtonsoft, when you tried to access a dynamic property on JObject, you’d get an exception like this:

JObject does not contain a definition for property

This is no longer the case. You can use JObject just like ExpandoObject in new versions of Newtonsoft. However, I wanted to show a code example that will definitely work in whatever version of Newtonsoft you’re using.

Why cast to (IEnumerable<dynamic>)?

If you try to use config.endpoints.Where() like this:

foreach (var enabledEndpoint in config.endpoints.Where(t => t.enabled))

Code language: C# (cs)

You’ll get the following compile error:

Cannot use a lambda expression as an argument to a dynamically dispatched operation without first casting it to a delegate or expression tree type.

This is why we have to cast it to (IEnumerable<dynamic>).

System.Text.Json vs Newtonsoft.Json

I tried to deserialize into a dynamic object using the built-in System.Text.Json, but it doesn’t work well. I tried it using .NET Core 3.1.

Example:

dynamic config = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<ExpandoObject>(json);

Code language: C# (cs)

System.Text.Json deserializes this into an ExpandoObject with JsonElement properties. In my example, config.endpoints is a JsonElement. In order to loop over this, I’d have to use config.endpoints.EnumerateArray(). This returns JsonElement objects.

It’s JsonElements all the way down. In other words, this is not a nice clean way to deserialize JSON into a dynamic object.

Perhaps System.Text.Json will be improved later on, but as of right now, Newtonsoft.Json is better.

Go with Newtonsoft.Json.

9 thoughts on “C# – Deserialize JSON to dynamic object”

  2. Thanks Mak – this is a real life problem for developers… 🙂
    How can we handle the situation where the properties are dynamic could be added or deleted based on JSON response
    i.e. Name & Enabled
    In future if we get Name, Enabled and Owner
    … is there a way to dynamically cater this?

    Reply

    • You can check if the dynamic object (ExpandoObject) has a property by casting it to an IDictionary<string, object>. Its Keys are the properties.

      Using the example code from this article, let’s say I want to check if one of the endpoint objects has a property called “owner”.

      I would check that by doing this:
      if ((enabledEndpoint as IDictionary<string, object>).ContainsKey("owner"))

      Reply

  3. if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
    var data = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
    dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(data, new ExpandoObjectConverter());
    }

    I get following error.
    InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type ‘System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.Object]’ to type ‘System.Dynamic.ExpandoObject’.

    Reply

    • Looks like you are deserializing a JSON array. Use IEnumerable<ExpandoObject> as the type parameter instead of ExpandoObject, like this:

      if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
      {
      var data = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
      dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IEnumerable<ExpandoObject>>(data, new ExpandoObjectConverter());
      }

      Reply

  4. “In older versions of Newtonsoft, when you tried to access a dynamic property on JObject, you’d get an exception like this [..]”
    Could you tell me in which version they fixed it? 😉

    Reply

  5. Example:-
    dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(data, new ExpandoObjectConverter());

    Can we try to update some values here in dynamic config object and then convert it back to the json. Would that be possible?

    Reply

    • Yes, you can do that. Here’s an example.

      //1. Get JSON as dynamic object
      string json = "{\"Enabled\":true}";
      dynamic config = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(json, new ExpandoObjectConverter());

      //2. Change a value, and serialize back to JSON
      config.Enabled = false;
      var changedJson = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(config);

      Console.WriteLine(changedJson);

      This outputs the changed JSON: { "Enabled": false }

      Reply

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